Đồng nghĩa và trái nghĩa (SYNONYMS- ANTONYMS)
30 Oct 2017
Từ đồng nghĩa và từ trái nghĩa
Đây là bảng những từ đồng nghĩa và trái nghĩa thông dụng.
| WORD | SYNONYMS | ANTONYMS |
| abandon | desert, forsake | keep |
| abbreviate | shorten, condense | lengthen, increase |
| ability | skill, aptitude | incompetence, inability |
| able | capable, qualified | incapable |
| above | overhead | below |
| abundant | ample, sufficient | scanty, insufficient |
| accurate | correct, right | wrong |
| achieve | accomplish, attain | fail |
| active | energetic, animated, lively | lethargic, idle, sluggish |
| adamant | firm, unyielding | maneuverable, yielding |
| add | increase, total | subtract |
| adequate | sufficient, enough, ample | insufficient, sparse |
| adjourn | postpone, recess | recommence, continue |
| adult | grown-up | child |
| advocate | support, recommend | oppose |
| after | following, next | before |
| afraid | frightened, scared | courageous, brave |
| aggressive | assertive, pushy, militant | passive, peaceful |
| aid | help, assist | hinder |
| always | forever | never |
| amateur | beginner, novice | professional |
| ambitious | aspiring, driven | lazy, indifferent |
| antagonize | provoke, embitter | soothe, tranquilize |
| apparent | obvious, evident | hidden, obscure |
| approve | accept, ratify, endorse | disapprove, censure |
| arrive | reach, come | depart, leave |
| arrogant | haughty, stuck-up | humble, modest |
| artificial | fake, synthetic | real, authentic |
| ask | question, inquire | answer |
| atrocious | dreadful, contemptible, vile | kind, wonderful |
| authentic | genuine, real, factual | false, artificial |
| average | ordinary, fair | unusual, exceptional |
| awful | dreadful, atrocious | pleasant |
| awkward | clumsy, uncoordinated | graceful |
| ban | prohibit, forbid, outlaw | allow, permit |
| barren | unproductive, infertile | fertile, productive |
| bashful | shy, timid | outgoing, assured |
| beautiful | pretty, attractive, lovely | ugly |
| before | prior, earlier | after, behind |
| beginning | start, initiate | finish, end |
| believe | trust, accept | doubt, distrust |
| below | under, lower | above |
| beneficial | helpful, useful, advantageous | harmful, adverse |
| best | finest, choice | worst |
| birth | beginning | death, end |
| blend | combine, mix | separate |
| bottom | base, foundation | top |
| brave | courageous, bold, heroic | cowardly, timid |
| break | fracture, burst | repair, heal |
| brief | short, concise | long |
| broad | wide, expansive | narrow |
| busy | active, occupied, working | idle, inactive |
| buy | purchase | sell |
| calm | quiet, tranquil, still | excited, turbulent |
| capture | apprehend, seize, arrest | free, release |
| care | concern, protection | neglect |
| careful | cautious, watchful | careless, reckless |
| cease | stop, discontinue | continue, recommence |
| certain | positive, sure, definite | uncertain, unsure |
| charming | delightful, appealing, enchanting | obnoxious, gross, vulgar |
| chilly | cool, nippy | warm |
| chubby | plump, pudgy | thin, skinny |
| clarify | explain, simplify | confuse |
| close | shut, fasten | open |
| close | near, imminent | far |
| coarse | bumpy, rough | fine, smooth |
| colossal | enormous, immense, mammoth | tiny, insignificant, trivial |
| combine | blend, unite, join | separate |
| comical | amusing, funny, humorous | tragic, sorrowful |
| complex | complicated, intricate | simple |
| competent | capable, qualified | incompetent, inept |
| comprehend | understand, grasp | confuse, misinterpret |
| complete | conclude, finish | incomplete |
| complex | complicated, intricate | simple |
| compress | crush, condense, squeeze | expand |
| concrete | real, tangible, solid | abstract, flimsy |
| concur | agree, cooperate | disagree |
| condemn | censure, denounce | approve |
| condense | compress, concentrate | expand, enlarge |
| confess | admit, acknowledge | deny |
| confine | contain, enclose, restrain | free, release |
| conflict | oppose, differ, clash | agree |
| conflict | fight, battle, struggle | peace, harmony |
| conform | comply, submit | dissent, dispute |
| confuse | complicate, muddle, jumble | clarify |
| congested | overcrowded, stuffed | empty, unfilled |
| connect | join, link, attach | separate, disconnect |
| conscientious | scrupulous, virtuous | neglectful, careless |
| conscious | aware, cognizant | unaware, unconscious |
| consecutive | successive, continuous | interrupted |
| conservative | cautious, restrained | radical, extreme |
| considerate | thoughtful, sympathetic, mindful | thoughtless, selfish |
| constantly | always, continually | scarcely, seldom |
| contaminate | pollute, defile, infect | purify |
| contented | satisfied, pleased | dissatisfied, unhappy |
| continue | persist, persevere | discontinue, stop |
| convalesce | recuperate, recover, heal | relapse |
| convenient | handy, accessible | inconvenient |
| conventional | customary, traditional | unusual |
| correct | accurate, right, proper | wrong, incorrect |
| courage | bravery, valor | cowardice |
| courteous | polite, civil | rude |
| cover | conceal, hide | expose |
| cozy | comfortable, snug, homey | uncomfortable |
| cranky | cross, irritable | good-humored |
| crazy | insane, daft, mad | sane |
| cruel | mean, heartless, ruthless | kind, humane |
| cry | sob, weep | laugh |
| dally | loiter, linger | rush |
| damage | hurt, impair, harm | remedy, repair |
| dangerous | unsafe, hazardous, perilous | safe |
| daring | bold, audacious | cautious |
| dark | dismal, black | light |
| dawn | daybreak, sunrise | evening |
| dead | lifeless, deceased | alive, active |
| decay | rot, spoil | bloom, flourish |
| deduct | subtract, remove | add |
| defend | protect, shield | attack, assault |
| defy | resist, challenge | obey, comply |
| delicate | fragile, dainty | sturdy |
| demolish | destroy, wreck | restore |
| denounce | blame, censure, indict | commend |
| dense | thick, heavy, compressed | sparse, empty |
| depart | leave, exit | arrive |
| deposit | store, place | withdraw |
| desolate | barren, forsaken | dense, verdant |
| despise | hate, detest, loathe | love |
| destitute | poor, penniless | wealthy |
| destroy | ruin, wreck, devastate | restore |
| detach | separate, unfasten, remove | attach |
| deter | hinder, prevent | encourage |
| determined | sure, convinced, resolute | doubtful |
| die | expire, perish | live |
| different | distinct, unlike | same, alike |
| difficult | hard, challenging | easy |
| dilute | weaken, thin | strengthen |
| diminish | curtail, lessen, decrease | increase, amplify |
| dirty | soiled, messy | clean |
| disagree | differ, dispute | agree |
| dispute | debate, oppose | agree |
| diverse | different, distinct | same, similar |
| divide | separate, split | unite |
| docile | tame, gentle | wild, stubborn |
| dormant | sleeping, inactive | awake, active |
| doubt | mistrust, dispute | believe |
| drab | dull, lifeless | bright |
| drastic | severe, extreme, tough | mild, moderate |
| dreadful | terrible, unpleasant | splendid, super |
| dry | arid, parched | wet |
| dubious | doubtful, questionable | certain |
| dull | blunt, dreary | sharp, bright |
| dumb | stupid, dense | smart |
| early | premature, beforetime | late |
| easy | simple | hard |
| eccentric | peculiar, unusual | normal |
| ecstasy | joy, rapture, elation | sadness, depression |
| empty | drain, unload | fill |
| encourage | promote, support, urge | discourage |
| enemy | opponent, foe | ally, friend |
| enjoy | like, appreciate | dislike, hate |
| enlarge | expand, magnify | reduce, shrink |
| enormous | vast, immense, colossal | tiny, microscopic |
| enough | sufficient, ample, plenty | insufficient |
| entirely | wholly, completely, solely | partly |
| eternal | always, perpetual, everlasting | temporary, passing |
| evident | apparent, obvious, clear | doubtful, vague |
| evil | bad, wrong, wicked | good |
| exceptional | remarkable, outstanding | ordinary, commonplace |
| excite | arouse, provoke, incite | compose, calm |
| exhilarated | overjoyed, ecstatic, elated | depressed, dejected, sad |
| explicit | exact, distinct, unmistakable | indefinite, unclear |
| exquisite | delightful, charming, lovely | revolting, repulsive |
| exterior | outside, outer | interior |
| extravagant | extreme, excessive, luxurious | meager |
| fabulous | marvelous, amazing | unexciting |
| face | confront, meet | avoid |
| fair | honest, just, impartial | unjust, unfair |
| fake | imitation, phony, artificial | real, genuine |
| false | incorrect, untrue | true |
| fancy | elaborate, ornate, fussy | simple, plain |
| fantastic | incredible, outrageous | ordinary, usual |
| fast | rapid, quick, swift | slow |
| fat | chubby, plump, stout | thin |
| fatal | deadly, mortal, killing | |
| fatigue | tire, exhaust | |
| feasible | possible, attainable, practical | impossible |
| feeble | weak, frail | strong |
| ferocious | fierce, savage, brutal, savage | tame, gentle |
| fertile | fruitful, productive | unproductive, barren |
| few | many | |
| fiction | fantasy, untruth, myth | truth |
| fill | load, pack | empty |
| fix | mend, repair | break |
| flaw | defect, fault, blemish | perfection |
| flimsy | frail, fragile, delicate | sturdy, strong |
| flippant | impudent, sassy | polite, respectful |
| fluid | liquid | solid |
| foe | enemy, adversary, opponent | friend |
| follow | succeed, trail | lead, precede |
| forbid | prohibit, ban, bar | encourage |
| forgive | pardon, excuse, absolve | |
| former | previous, earlier | latter |
| fraction | part, portion, segment | whole |
| frank | candid, straightforward, blunt | evasive |
| frenzy | fury, rage | serenity, calmness |
| fresh | unused, new | old, stale |
| friend | comrade, buddy | enemy |
| frigid | freezing, frosty | warm, hot |
| frivolous | trivial, unimportant, silly | important, serious |
| front | fore | back |
| full | packed, stuffed | empty |
| furious | angry, enraged, infuriated | calm, placid |
| future | coming, tomorrow | past |
| gain | acquire, obtain, receive | lose |
| gallant | chivalrous, stately | ungentlemanly |
| gather | collect, accumulate, compile | scatter, disperse |
| gaudy | showy, garish, vulgar | tasteful, refined |
| gaunt | scrawny, skinny, thin | overweight, plump |
| generous | giving, selfless, big-hearted | selfish, stingy |
| gentle | tender, mild | rough, harsh |
| genuine | real, authentic, sincere | fake, phony |
| gigantic | immense, colossal, enormous | tiny, minute |
| give | donate, present, offer | take, receive |
| glad | happy, pleased, delighted | sad, unhappy |
| gloomy | dark, dismal, depressing | cheery, bright |
| glorious | splendid, magnificent, superb | terrible, awful |
| good | nice, fine, well-behaved | bad, awful |
| gorgeous | ravishing, dazzling, stunning | hideous, unattractive |
| gratitude | thankfulness, appreciation | ungratefulness |
| great | outstanding, remar | insignificant, unimportant |
| handy | useful, convenient, skillfu | inconvenient, inept |
| hard | firm, solid, difficult | soft, easy |
| hate | loathe, detest | love |
| help | aid, assist | hinder, thwart |
| high | elevated, lofty | low |
| hold | grasp, grip, retain | release, discharge |
| honest | truthful, sincere, frank | untruthful, insincere |
| hospitable | welcoming, cordial, gracious | rude, unfriendly |
| hostile | antagonistic, aggressive, militant | friendly, cordial |
| huge | vast, immense, great | small, tiny |
| humble | modest, unpretentious | vain, showy |
| humiliate | embarrass, disgrace, dishonor | honor, dignify |
| identical | alike, duplicate | different, varied |
| idle | inactive, lazy | busy, ambitious |
| ignorant | uninformed, unaware | knowledgeable |
| immaculate | spotless, pure | dirty, filthy |
| immature | childish, inexperienced | mature, adult |
| immune | resistant, exempt | susceptible |
| impartial | neutral, unbiased, fair | prejudiced |
| impatient | eager, anxious, intolerant | patient |
| imperative | compulsory, crucial, mandatory | unnecessary, optional |
| imperfect | marred, defective, faulty | perfect, flawless |
| impetuous | impulsive, rash, reckless | restrained, careful |
| important | significant, meaningful | unimportant, meaningless |
| independent | self-reliant, autonomous | dependent, unsure |
| inferior | lesser, substandard | superior |
| infuriate | enrage, agitate, provoke | soothe, clam |
| ingenious | clever, creative, original | unoriginal, dull |
| innocent | guiltless, blameless | guilty |
| insane | crazy, deranged, mad | sane |
| insufficient | inadequate, deficient | adequate, enough |
| intelligent | bright, sensible, rational | ignorant, dense |
| interesting | provocative, engrossing | dull, boring |
| intermittent | sporadic, periodic | regular, continual |
| internal | inner, inside | external, outer |
| intolerant | bigoted, prejudiced | understanding, accepting |
| intriguing | fascinating, enthralling | uninteresting, dull |
| irrelevant | inappropriate, unrelated | relevant, pertinent, applicable |
| irritate | annoy, agitate, provoke | soothe, calm |
| join | connect, unite, link | separate, disconnect, detach |
| jolly | merry, jovial, joyful | sad, grim, glum |
| jubilant | overjoyed, delighted, elated | dejected, depressed |
| keep | save, protect, guard | discard, lose |
| kind | considerate, tender, thoughtful | mean, cruel, inconsiderate |
| lament | mourn, grieve | rejoice, celebrate |
| large | big, massive, huge | small, little |
| last | final, end | first, beginning |
| least | fewest, minimum, smallest | most, maximum |
| legible | readable, clear | illegible, unreadable |
| lenient | lax, unrestrained, easy | harsh, strict |
| listless | lethargic, tired | active, energetic |
| logical | sensible, sane, rational | illogical, unreasonable |
| long | lengthy | short |
| loose | slack, limp | tight |
| lure | attract, seduce, entice | repel |
| luxurious | extravagant, elegant | meager, scanty |
| magnify | expand, enlarge, exaggerate | reduce, minimize |
| mandatory | required, compulsory | optional |
| maneuver | manipulate, handle, scheme | |
| maximum | greatest, uppermost, highest | minimum, least |
| meager | scanty, sparse, poor | abundant, generous |
| mean | unkind, malicious, nasty | pleasant, nice |
| mediocre | fair, moderate, so-so | outstanding |
| mend | repair, fix | break |
| migrant | drifting, traveling, transient | stationary, immovable |
| militant | combative, aggressive, warlike | peaceful |
| minor | lesser, inferior, secondary | major |
| mirth | merriment, fun, laughter | gloom, sadness |
| mischievous | naughty, impish | well-behaved, angelic |
| misfortune | hardship, catastrophe, mishap | good luck, fortune |
| mobile | moveable, changeable | immobile, stationary |
| moderate | temperate, lenient, medium | extreme, harsh |
| momentous | important, powerful, outstanding | unimportant, insignificant |
| monotonous | boring, tedious dreary, humdrum | interesting |
| moral | ethical, virtuous, righteous | immoral, unethical |
| morbid | appalling, awful, ghastly | pleasant |
| morose | gloomy, sullen, moody, glum | cheerful, optimistic |
| mourn | grieve, lament, bemoan | rejoice |
| mysterious | elusive, occult, secret | obvious, known |
| naughty | bad, disobedient, wrong | good, appropriate |
| neat | clean, orderly, tidy | sloppy, disorderly |
| negligent | careless, derelict, inattentive | conscientious, careful |
| nervous | ruffled, flustered, perturbed | composed, calm |
| neutral | impartial, unprejudiced | prejudiced, partial |
| new | unused, fresh, modern | old, antique |
| nice | pleasing, desirable, fine | unpleasant, naughty |
| nonchalant | indifferent, lackadaisical, blase | concerned, apprehensive |
| normal | ordinary, typical, usual | abnormal, unusual |
| numerous | several, abundant, considerable | few, scanty |
| obey | mind, heed, comply | disobey, resist |
| oblivious | unconscious, preoccupied, dazed | mindful, aware |
| obnoxious | offensive, abominable, repulsive | pleasant, pleasing |
| observe | examine, study, scrutinize | ignore, disregard |
| obsolete | extinct, dated, antiquated | stylish, vogue, current |
| obstinate | stubborn, bullheaded, adamant | maneuverable, flexible |
| odd | peculiar, weird, strange | usual, ordinary |
| offend | displease, affront, disgust | please, delight |
| ominous | threatening, menacing | |
| opaque | obscure, murky, unclear | transparent, clear |
| open | begin, unfold, originate | close |
| opponent | enemy, rival, foe | ally, friend |
| optimistic | hopeful, confident | pessimistic |
| optional | voluntary, elective | required |
| ordinary | usual, average | unusual, remarkable |
| outrageous | preposterous, shocking | warranted, acceptable |
| outstanding | extraordinary, distinguished | insignificant, inconsequential |
| painstaking | meticulous, precise, fastidious | careless, negligent |
| passive | compliant, submissive, yielding | forceful |
| past | former, previous, preceding | future |
| patience | tolerance, perseverance | impatience |
| peculiar | weird, bizarre | normal, conventional |
| perfect | flawless, accurate | imperfect, faulty |
| permanent | enduring, lasting | temporary, changing |
| perpetual | eternal, endless, incessant | short-lived, fleeting |
| persuade | convince, influence | dissuade, deter |
| plausible | believable, reasonable, logical | unbelievable |
| plentiful | ample, enough, abundant | scarce, insufficient |
| pliable | supple, flexible, compliant | rigid, closed-minded |
| polite | gracious, refined, courteous | rude, discourteous |
| poor | destitute, needy, impoverished | rich, wealthy |
| portion | part, segment, piece | whole, total |
| possible | conceivable, feasible, plausible | impossible, unachievable |
| precarious | dangerous, uncertain, shaky | sure, safe |
| precious | cherished, valuable, prized | cheap, worthless |
| prejudiced | biased, opinionated, influenced | impartial |
| premature | early, hasty | late, delayed |
| premeditated | planned, intended, calculated | spontaneous, accidental |
| preserve | uphold, guard, save | destroy, neglect |
| pretty | lovely, beautiful, attractive | homely, unattractive |
| prevalent | customary, widespread | uncommon, unusual |
| prevent | thwart, prohibit, hinder | permit, allow |
| probable | likely, apt, liable | improbable, doubtful |
| proficient | skilled, adept, competent | inefficient, inept |
| profit | gain, earnings, benefit | loss |
| prohibit | forbid, bar, restrict | allow, permit |
| prominent | distinguished, eminent | unknown, not renowned |
| prompt | punctual, timely | late, slow |
| prosperous | thriving, successful, flourishing | unsuccessful, fruitless |
| proud | arrogant, elated | modest, ashamed |
| push | shove, propel | pull |
| qualified | competent, suited, capable | unfit, unsuited |
| question | interrogate, inquire, ask | answer |
| quiet | silent, hushed, tranquil | noisy, rowdy |
| quit | cease, stop, withdraw | continue, remain |
| racket | noise, commotion, disturbance | peace, quiet |
| radiant | luminous, shining, lustrous | dim, not illuminated |
| raise | hoist, elevate | lower |
| ratify | approve, confirm, endorse | veto, refuse |
| rational | logical, level-headed, sensible | irrational, crazy |
| ravage | devastate, ruin, damage | restore, revitalize |
| raze | destroy, demolish | build, construct |
| recreation | amusement, pleasure, pastime | work, labor |
| reduce | lessen, decrease, diminish | increase, enlarge, amplify |
| refute | contradict, dispute | agree, concur |
| regular | routine, customary, steady | irregular, abnormal |
| regulate | control, oversee, handle | decontrol |
| relentless | persistent, merciless, unyielding | lenient, sympathetic |
| relevant | pertinent, suitable, apropos | irrelevant, insignificant |
| reliable | trustworthy, steadfast, stable | undependable, unreliable |
| reluctant | unwilling, hesitant | willing, accommodating |
| remote | secluded, isolated, distant | close, accessible |
| repulsive | hideous, offensive, gruesome | pleasing, alluring |
| reputable | honorable, upstanding, honest | dishonest, untrustworthy |
| resist | oppose, withstand, defy | comply, conform |
| retaliate | avenge, revenge, reciprocate | |
| reveal | show, disclose, divulge | hide, conceal |
| ridiculous | nonsensical, foolish, preposterous | sensible, believable |
| risky | hazardous, perilous, chancy | safe, sound |
| rowdy | boisterous, rambunctious | well-mannered, genteel |
| rude | impolite, discourteous | polite, mannerly |
| sad | unhappy, dejected, gloomy | happy, glad |
| same | identical, alike, equivalent | different, diverse |
| savage | uncivilized, barbarous | civilized, gentle, tame |
| save | preserve, conserve, keep | spend, discard |
| scarce | scanty, rare, sparse | plentiful, abundant |
| scrawny | skinny, gaunt, spindly | husky, chubby |
| scrupulous | meticulous, ethical, fastidious | unethical, careless |
| seize | apprehend, grab, snatch | release, free |
| separate | divide, segregate, partition | unite, join |
| serene | peaceful, tranquil, calm | disturbed, upset |
| serious | grave, solemn, pensive | flighty, fickle |
| shrewd | clever, cunning, crafty | unthinking, careless |
| shy | bashful, timid | bold, aggressive |
| sick | ill, ailing | well, healthy |
| slim | slender, thin, svelte | stout, stocky |
| sluggish | listless, lethargic, inactive | quick, speedy |
| small | little, insignificant, trivial | large, important |
| smooth | slick, glossy, level | rough |
| sociable | friendly, cordial, gregarious | unfriendly, aloof |
| sorrow | woe, anguish, grief | joy, ecstasy |
| special | exceptional, notable, particular | ordinary, usual |
| spontaneous | instinctive, automatic, natural | planned, rehearsed |
| stable | steady, unchanging, settled | unsettled |
| stationary | fixed, immobile, firm | movable, portable |
| stimulate | rouse, stir, motivate | stifle, suppress |
| stop | quit, cease, terminate | start, begin |
| strenuous | vigorous, laborious | effortless, easy |
| strict | stringent, severe, stern | lenient |
| strong | powerful, mighty, potent | weak |
| stupid | unintelligent, dense, foolish | knowledgeable, smart |
| subsequent | following, succeeding, latter | preceding, previous |
| successful | thriving, prosperous, triumphant | failing, unsuccessful |
| sufficient | ample, enough, adequate | lacking, insufficient |
| superb | magnificent, exquisite | inferior, mediocre |
| suppress | restrain, inhibit, squelch | foster, encourage |
| surplus | excess, additional, extra | lack, deficit |
| swift | fast, speedy, hasty | slow, sluggish |
| synthetic | man-made, artificial | natural |
| tall | high, lofty | short |
| tangible | concrete, definite | vague, ambiguous |
| taut | tense, tight, stiff | relaxed |
| tender | delicate, gentle, affectionate | harsh, rough |
| terrible | dreadful, horrible, vile | wonderful, superb |
| thaw | melt, defrost | freeze |
| thrifty | economical, frugal, prudent | wasteful, extravagant |
| thrive | prosper, flourish, develop | fail, fade, shrivel |
| total | whole, entire, complete | partial |
| trivial | insignificant, worthless | important, crucial |
| turbulent | tumultuous, blustering, violent | clam, peaceful |
| turmoil | commotion, disturbance, fracas | quiet, tranquility |
| unbiased | impartial, unprejudiced, fair | prejudiced, partial |
| upset | perturb, ruffle, agitate | soothe, calm |
| urgent | crucial, important, imperative | unimportant, trivial |
| vacant | unoccupied, empty | filled, occupied |
| vague | unclear, obscure, indistinct | clear, definite |
| valiant | courageous, brave, heroic | cowardly, fearful |
| vibrate | shake, quiver, tremble | firm, steady |
| vicious | malicious, spiteful, ferocious | kind, humane |
| victory | triumph, win, success | defeat |
| virtuous | moral, righteous, angelic | sinful, wicked |
| vulgar | offensive, uncouth, coarse | refined, tasteful |
| wealth | riches, prosperity, assets | poverty |
| weary | tired, fatigued, lethargic | energetic, lively |
| wholehearted | earnest, sincere | insincere |
| wild | uncivilized, savage, reckless | tame, calm |
| win | triumph, succeed, prevail | lose |
| wise | knowing, scholarly, smart | dull, uneducated |
| wonderful | marvelous, incredible, splendid | ordinary, blah |
| worn | used, impaired, old | new, fresh |
| wrong | incorrect, untrue, mistaken | correct, right |
| yield | produce, bear, provide | keep, retain |
| zenith | peak, pinnacle, apex | bottom, base |
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